Which type of attribution assigns behavior to internal characteristics?

• A. Situational attribution
• B. Personal attribution
• C. Emotional attribution
• D. Cognitive dissonance

Answer: (B)

The correct answer is personal attribution, which refers to the process of explaining behavior by attributing it to internal characteristics, such as personality traits, motives, or attitudes. When we use personal attribution, we assume that a person's actions are a reflection of their inherent qualities. For example, if someone performs well on a test, one might attribute this success to their intelligence or hard work.

This contrasts with situational attribution, which emphasizes external factors, such as the environment or social influences, as determinants of behavior. Emotional attribution does not specifically describe a widely recognized category of attributions in psychology. Cognitive dissonance, on the other hand, is a concept that describes the discomfort experienced when holding conflicting beliefs or behaviors, but does not directly relate to how we explain others' actions. Thus, personal attribution is the best choice for understanding behavior through the lens of internal characteristics.