How does social identity theory explain a person's self-esteem?

• A. It is genetically predetermined.
• B. It diminishes when isolated from others.
• C. It can be enhanced by identification with social groups.
• D. It is only influenced by personal success.

Answer: (C)

Social identity theory posits that a significant portion of an individual's self-esteem is derived from their membership in social groups. When people identify with successful or highly valued groups—such as cultural, religious, or professional communities—they often feel a boost in self-esteem. This identification fosters a sense of belonging and significance, as individuals see themselves as part of something larger than themselves.

In contrast, the other options do not align with the framework established by social identity theory. While genetic factors and personal successes may influence self-esteem, they do not account for the social aspect emphasized by this theory. Isolation can lead to diminished self-esteem, but this primarily reflects the lack of social interaction rather than the fundamental concept of social identity contributing to self-worth. Overall, the enhancement of self-esteem through positive group identification is a central tenet of social identity theory.