Define group polarization.

• A. The tendency for group discussions to lead to less extreme decisions
• B. The inclination for group decisions to become more extreme than initial inclinations
• C. The phenomenon of individual members contributing equally in a group
• D. When individuals lose interest in group activities

Answer: (B)

Group polarization refers to the tendency for group discussions to result in more extreme positions than those held by individual group members beforehand. When individuals come together in a group setting, they often discuss their opinions and beliefs, which can reinforce shared views and lead to a push towards more extreme outcomes. This occurs because individuals may feel validated in their beliefs through group consensus, and the shared enthusiasm can amplify their original opinions, encouraging them to adopt more radical positions.

This phenomenon is particularly evident in various contexts, such as political groups, jury deliberations, and online forums, where individuals may express views that align with the majority, leading to decisions that are more extreme than what anyone would have chosen independently. Group polarization highlights the power of social influence and conformity within groups, emphasizing how collective discussion can shape and intensify attitudes and decisions.